What are the (evolutionary) advantages of secondary transport?
Secondary active transport uses electrochemical gradients as a source of energy for the uphill transport of substrates (coupled to downhill transport of the ion).However except for in a few cases (e.g....
View ArticleHow are electrons entering the electron transport chain in cellular...
In photosynthesis, electrons are excited by light energy from the sun (photoactivated). How do they become excited in human cellular respiration? I believe it has something to do with NADH and FADH2.
View ArticleCellular respiration in carnivorous animals
What is the equation for cellular respiration in carnivores as they don’t consume carbohydrates to break down into glucose in the following manner:Glucose + oxygen -> water + CO2+energy. Do they...
View ArticleATP and Muscle Contraction
I have a question regarding how molecular interactions manifest in physical actions - such as hanging from a bar. To the best of my understanding, when it comes to the contraction of muscles, ATP is...
View ArticleMeasuring the Rate of Photosynthesis
Update: I have just received a grant to pursue this research. However, I must still perform the preliminary experiment described below before dipping into my very limited funds. Thank you for any...
View ArticleBioenergetics book
I already asked this question on the physics SE but redirected here:In the field of biophysics, it seems there is a subfield called "bioenergetics" about the processes of generating energy by biology....
View ArticleWhy does atrazine kill photosynthetic bacteria and not nonphotosynthetic...
Atrazine was found to bind to Qb, which is involved in electron transport to create ATP in photosynthetic bacteria. Why does this herbicide kill photosynthetic bacteria, while having little to no...
View ArticleAbout the mechanism of coupled reaction/metabolism with ATP
I am not in the field of biochemistry so this may be a rookie question or misconception.I heard occasionally about the energy "released" from ATP hydrolysis fueling (endergonic) biological reactions. I...
View ArticleDo all prokaryotes have ATP synthases and an electron transport chain?
I was looking this up and I'm wondering if so far I'm correct about the following:For the most part eukaryotes do aerobic respiration, which involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative...
View ArticleWhy do brain cells use shuttles that pass electrons from NADH to FAD?
Brain cells are cells require one of the highest amount of energy of any cell of body. So why do they use a shuttle which will transfer electrons from NADH produced in glycolysis to FAD(and there by...
View ArticleAre there known life forms that are able to transform mechanical energy into...
Are there known life forms that are able to transform mechanical energy into chemical energy?This question asks a similar subject, but more specific and has no answers.The background of this question...
View ArticleUnder which conditions is human energy consumption minimized?
Including but not limited to:body stateconsumed food compositionstate of the digestive tractdiseaseswoundssleepcoma, etc.; death excludedenvironment statetemperaturelightpressure, etc.Merely curious. I...
View ArticleActivated carrier molecules and their relationship to enzymes
I am reading Molecular Biology of the Cell, and one thing I don't quite get is the difference between an enzyme and an activated carrier molecule. I understand that enzymes lower the activation energy...
View ArticleWhat determines whether a reaction using ATP produces ADP or AMP?
Most reactions using ATP seem to involve:ATP → ADP + Pibut in some the reaction isATP → AMP + PPifollowed by hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate:PPi → 2PiIs there any principle that determines which...
View ArticleHow does the light-independent stage of photosynthesis get H+ ions?
From what I understand from my grade 11 biology:During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis, water molecules split, producing hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms are basically “waste...
View ArticleWhat is the energetic costs in KJ/g NH3 for nitrogenase fixation
What is the energetic costs in KJ/g NH3 for nitrogenase fixation.I want to compare Haber-Bosch vs nitrogenase.How would I force the biological stochiometry of 8e- electrons into an energy quantity.$N_2...
View ArticleHow many Watt-hours can an electric eel produce in a day?
Electric eels are cited as being about to produce about 860 watts of energy. But I haven't been able to find information on how long they can sustain their...
View ArticleHow do cellular conditions change the Gibbs free energy of a reaction?
How do cellular conditions change the Gibbs free energy of a reaction?Taking glycolysis as an example, how exactly would cellular conditions affect the free energy released from this reaction?
View ArticleWhy can ATP not be stored in excess?
I just learned that ATP can not be stored in excess and is only made by the body when it is needed. What makes ATP, like glucose and fat is what is stored under the skin or wherever. Now why cant the...
View ArticleWhich enzymes use ATP?
It is well known that there are many enzymes which use ATP in their function, and any enzyme that work against an energy gradient need to have that energy supplied from somewhere, but just as well...
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